How are diagnoses made using ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI?

After a urological examination, we sometimes need to directly visualize your kidneys, prostate, or urinary tract. For this, we use three main imaging methods: Ultrasound (USG), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Each is used for a different purpose and complements the others.

1. Ultrasonography (USG)

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Ultrasound is the first-line, safe, and painless imaging method in urology. It works using sound waves and does not involve radiation.

Most common uses:

• Kidney stones and sand

• Kidney swelling (hydronephrosis)

• Bladder and prostate evaluation

• Testicular diseases (varicocele, etc.)

Important Note: To ensure an accurate assessment of your bladder, you will be asked to come to the examination with a full bladder (with the urge to urinate). This procedure is completely safe during pregnancy.

2. Computed Tomography (CT)

 

 

 

 

CT scans provide the clearest images, especially in cases of kidney stones and emergencies. They image the body in thin sections and use X-rays.

When is it used?

• Detection of small kidney stones

• Trauma and bleeding

• Kidney and urinary tract masses

With or without medication?

• For kidney stones: They are usually removed without medication and are very quick.

• For suspected tumors: A contrast agent (medication) is administered intravenously to create an ultrasound image.
  
  Caution: Since the medication is administered intravenously and excreted through the kidneys, caution should be exercised or it should not be withdrawn in patients with renal failure (especially if creatinine levels are high).

3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)





 

It is an advanced method that uses powerful magnets and radio waves, without any radiation. It provides excellent visualization of soft tissues (muscle, prostate, bladder wall).

When is it used?

• Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: "Multiparametric Prostate MRI," in particular, is currently the most sensitive technology for detecting prostate cancer. It guides us before a biopsy.

• Differentiation of kidney masses (benign/malignant).
  
  Important Note: For patients with claustrophobia (fear of enclosed spaces), open MRI options or mild sedation may be applied.

4. Penile Color Doppler Ultrasonography

In male sexual health, it is a dynamic test we use to understand the cause of erectile dysfunction.

How to do it?

The blood flow rate in the penile veins is measured. During the procedure, a medication that causes a temporary erection is administered to the penis to check whether the veins are holding enough blood (whether there is venous leakage). This clarifies whether the problem is psychological or vascular.

Professor's Note: The choice of imaging method will be determined after evaluating your symptoms, age, and kidney function tests (creatinine). Patients who suspect they are pregnant must inform us of this.